Francis, Kaplan, Bulb and Pelton hydro turbines
Hydro turbines of four main types (Francis, Kaplan, Bulb and Pelton) for new hydropower plants from small to large and for upgrading operating ones. The machine type and flow path are selected for the head, flow and topography of the particular plant. The maximum combined efficiency of turbine and generator is about 90%.
- Types
- Francis (medium and high heads), Kaplan (low and medium), Bulb (low), Pelton (high)
- Unit efficiency
- about 90% (turbine + generator, maximum)
- Start-up
- 3-5 min to rated output
- Load pickup
- from no-load to rated in about 1 min
Price, availability and lead time on request. We help with analogue selection, customs clearance and delivery.
Description
Francis radial-axial turbines are the most widespread in hydropower and are installed at medium and high heads. According to the manufacturer, it holds a world-class level in generation efficiency in this class. Kaplan adjustable-blade turbines work at low and medium heads, and Bulb turbines at low heads, where the energy of the water head is used as pressure. Pelton impulse turbines are intended for high heads and convert the potential energy of water directly into rotation. In Kaplan turbines the runner blades are adjustable, so the machine keeps high efficiency at variable flow.
The flow path is developed in the company's own hydraulic laboratory, one of the leading in the industry. Turbine characteristics and hydraulic phenomena are studied on reduced-scale models, and the model test results are used to improve flow calculation methods (CFD). This way the flow path is verified before the full-size machine is built.
A hydro unit reaches rated output in 3-5 minutes, and goes from no-load to rated load in about 1 minute. Hydropower plants are therefore convenient for covering fast load swings in the power system. Operation and maintenance are simpler than at other types of power plants, and operating costs are low.
Together with the turbines the manufacturer supplies hydropower plant monitoring and control systems. They cover control, protection, recording of fault events and communication with the remote control center, so most Japanese hydropower plants run without permanent staff. For small and medium plants an integrated system is offered in which main control, speed governing, excitation, telecontrol and relay protection are assembled in modules. The modular layout saves space and shortens installation time.
The turbines are supplied to new plants and for upgrades, when the runner or the whole turbine is replaced at an operating plant. The manufacturer has built hydro turbines and hydro generators for almost 120 years at two plants of its own. The company supplies auxiliary systems and carries out procurement, installation, testing and commissioning on a turnkey basis.
Technical specifications
| Types | Francis (medium and high heads), Kaplan (low and medium), Bulb (low), Pelton (high) |
|---|---|
| Unit efficiency | about 90% (turbine + generator, maximum) |
| Start-up | 3-5 min to rated output |
| Load pickup | from no-load to rated in about 1 min |
| Development | own hydraulic laboratory, model tests, CFD |
Request a price and lead time
Francis, Kaplan, Bulb and Pelton hydro turbines. We reply within one business day.
Or email sales@usk.ua or call 044 339-50-20.
Customs codes
| UKTZED (Ukraine) | 8410 11 00 00 8410 12 00 00 8410 13 00 00 |
|---|---|
| HS, 6 digits | 8410 11 8410 12 8410 13 |
| CN (EU) | 8410 11 00 8410 12 00 8410 13 00 |
| HTSUS (USA) | 8410 11 00 00 8410 12 00 00 8410 13 00 00 |
| China customs tariff | 8410 11 00 00 8410 12 00 00 8410 13 00 00 |
Codes are for reference: the final code is determined at declaration for the specific model.
Questions and answers
Which hydro turbine types are built and for which heads?
Francis for medium and high heads, Kaplan for low and medium, Bulb for low and Pelton for high heads. The type is selected for the head and flow of the particular plant.
What are the efficiency and start-up time of a hydro unit?
The maximum combined efficiency of turbine and generator is about 90%. Start-up to rated output takes 3-5 minutes, and load pickup from no-load takes about 1 minute.
Are the turbines suitable for upgrading operating plants?
Yes, the manufacturer replaces runners and turbines at operating plants. Installation, testing and commissioning are carried out on a turnkey basis.
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